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Pre-columbian Jade
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Featuring Jade, Precious & Semiprecious Stones, & Mosaic Artifacts from Mesoamerica, Costa Rica, North America, Central America and South American Cultures, Including: Maya, Aztec, Inca, Moche, Chimu, Nazca, Sinu, Tairona, Anasazi, and many more!

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Teotihuacan Jade & Polished Stone
Jade and Other Stones from Teotihuacán culture of Central Mexico
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Map showing Teotihuacan area
Calcite onyx ritual container in the form of a feline Calcite onyx ritual container in the form of a feline - Teotihuacán culture (150 BC - AD 750) - From Mexico - Height: 16 cm Width: 31 cm
Length: 33.5 cm

This vessel, found at Teotihuacán in 1889, is sculpted in the form of a feline, probably a jaguar. Two cavities carved on its back indicate that it was probably used as a ritual container, perhaps a cuauhxicalli, a vessel for human hearts extracted in ritual sacrifices.

British Museum Collection

 

Stone mask

British Museum Collection

 

Stone mask - Teotihuacán culture (150 BC - AD 700)
From Mexico -Height: 24 cm
Width: 26 cm

A large number of impressive stone masks were produced at Teotihuacán. Masks in the Teotihuacan style have been a prized item for European and American collectors since the nineteenth century and many have been faked to supply this lucrative market. The abstract, schematic expression and planar geometry of this large mask are typical of the Teotihuacan style. Holes were drilled in the eyes, mouth, ears and sides. The eyes and mouth were probably inlaid with shell, obsidian and/or iron pyrites. Earspools, made of perishable material, may have been originally set in the pierced ears. The cleft head recalls that found on some Olmec objects, such as votive axes.

Teotihuacan greenstone figure Classic circa AD 450-650 15 inches high Teotihuacan Greenstone Mask
Mask, 3rd–7th century
Mexico; Teotihuacan
Onyx marble; H. 7 1/2 in. (19.1 cm)

The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection

British Museum Collection

 

Black limestone mask - Teotihuacán style (150 BC - AD 700) - From Santiago Ahuizotla, Mexico State, Mexico - Height: 19 cm
Width: 16.5 cm

This stone mask, found in the Basin of Mexico, displays a wide forehead and stylized planar features typical of the Teotihuacan style. Designs are carved on the cheeks, representing facial painting and it was perhaps originally inlaid with shell or other materials. Most similar masks are plain and only a few have remnants of pigment or engraved decoration on cheeks and ears.

Different types of stone, such as granite, calcite, serpentine and alabaster, were used to carve Teotihuacan-style masks in varying sizes and proportions.

Teotihuacán Mask, A.D. 250­650
Jadeite H. 2 3/4" (7 cm); W. 2 1/8" (5.4 cm)

Dumbarton Oaks Collection

Teotihuacán
Mask, A.D. 250­650
Onyx
H. 7 1/8" (18.1 cm); W. 6 3/4" (17.1 cm)

Dumbarton Oaks Collection

Teotihuacán
Mask, A.D. 250­650
Black limestone
H. 9 7/8" (25.1 cm); W. 10" (25.4 cm)

Dumbarton Oaks Collection

Teotihuacán
Mask, A.D. 250­650
Serpentine
H. 8 1/2" (21.6 cm); W. 8 1/8" (20.6 cm)

Dumbarton Oaks Collection

TE_008 Mask Dignitary Mask  - Greenstone
Teotihuacan Culture Central Mexico
250-600 C.E. 7" h, 6.5" w, 3.5" d

William Siegal Galleries Collection

Greenstone Standing Figure, 3rd–7th century
Mexico; Teotihuacan

The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection

TE_007 Mask Dignitary Mask Stone
Teotihuacan Culture Central Mexico 250-600 A.D. 9.5" h, 9.75" w

William Siegal Galleries Collection


Teotihuacan Stone Figure

Private Collection object - unknown provenience

Polished Greenstone Mask
Central Mexico, Teotihuacán style, 1-750

Cleveland Museum of Art

Jade Ear Spool Ornament
Central Mexico, Teotihuacán style, 150-200

Cleveland Museum of Art

Teotihuacan Miniature Mask (modified with copper mount)

Private Collection object - unknown provenience

 

Onyx Mask - Teotihuacan Style = 250-750 CE (AD) - Armreia, Colima
Polished Greenstone Mask
Central Mexico, Teotihuacán style, 1-750

Teotihuacán stone masks were not worn but, instead, were tied to something via holes on the back-perhaps a body-shaped form dressed in garments, ornaments, and a headdress. (The bust in the photo suggests how such images might have looked unclothed.) These assemblages perhaps represented such deities as the city's patron Great Goddess. Inlays animated the eyes and mouth, and ornaments adorned pierced ears.

Cleveland Museum of Art

Plished Stone Mask - Teotihucan - 250-750 CE (AD) - Santiago Tlatelolco DF Teotihuacan Necklace, Beads and Butterfly Nose Ornament
c. 150-200

Cleveland Museum of Art

Pre-Columbian Ear Spools

A common adornment of many Pre-columbian cultures was the ear spool.  The above example is 2.25 inches in diameter, made from a nephrite or serpentine mineral.  The above piece was discovered in 1949 by Dr. Allen Heflin at Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico.

Teotihucan Figure

Private Collection

   
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[1] Some of the artifacts presented are held by commercial Private Collections.  While they lack their provenience or provenance, the visual representation has value for comparative purposes, and is presented for that reason.  Also, they are presented since these items may never be available in any other way for scholarly study.

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Important Note:  These images are presented for educational, scholarly, and artistic research purposes.  It is presented as a comparative analysis of jade and polished stone styles from various regions of the Americas, providing a tool for students and collectors alike.  However, these artifacts are not presented for sale.  While some pieces shown here are in the hands of private art and antiquities dealers - we do not condone the sale of such pieces since most have been obtained through the looting of archaeological sites, or other unlawful means. 

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